I completed my Undergraduate and Master’s degrees in History at the University of Birmingham before undertaking a DPhil in History at the University of Oxford. My doctoral thesis on the experiences of royal and noble exiled dynasties in the early modern period was selected for the prestigious Oxford Historical Monographs series and formed the basis of my first book.

Following teaching posts at Bishop Grosseteste University and the University of Buckingham, I was awarded a Leverhulme Trust Early Career Research Fellowship which I undertook at the University at Warwick. This research examined the experiences of refugees during the Thirty Years’ War (1618-1648) and will form the basis of my second monograph.

Since early 2025, I have been based at the University of Liverpool as part of the team of the “Massacre and the Law” research project, which examines how the horrors of warfare influenced conceptions of “just warfare”, civilian immunity, and military discipline in early modern Europe.

My main interests lie in the intertwining political, military, and social histories of early modern Britain and Europe. In addition to writing articles for peer-reviews journals, I have provided book reviews for the Journal of British Studies, The Seventeenth Century, Social History, the Austrian History Yearbook, and the Zeitschrift für Historische Forschung.